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Gastroesophageal reflux (retrograde flow of gastric juice (gastric acid) and/or duodenal contents (bile acids; pancreatic juice) into the distal esophagus, commonly due to incompetence of the lower esophageal sphincter)
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis, a rare and heterogeneous condition characterized by patchy or diffuse eosinophilic infiltration of gastrointestinal tissue, first described by Kaijser in 1937
Esophageal atresia (congenital abnormality characterized by the lack of full development of the esophagus that commonly occurs with tracheoesophageal fistula)
rumination syndrome, or Merycism, an under-diagnosed chronic eating disorder, characterized by effortless postprandial regurgitation of most ingested meals, without the retching, nausea, heartburn, odours
Zenker diverticulum (a diverticulum at the upper end of the esophagus through the cricopharyngeal muscle at the junction of the pharynx and the esophagus)
achalasia, also known as esophageal achalasia, achalasia cardiae, cardiospasm, and esophageal aperistalsis, an esophageal motility disorder: The smooth muscle layer of the esophagus loses normal peristalsis
Acoustic neuroma (a benign schwannoma of the eighth cranial nerve (vestibulocochlear nerve), mostly arising from the vestibular branch (vestibular nerve) during the fifth or sixth decade of life)
Central pontine myelinosis (a demyelinating condition affecting the pons and characterized clinically by an acute progressive quadriplegia; dysarthria; dysphagia; and alterations of consciousness)
Opitz-Frias syndrome (first reported as two separate disorders, the G syndrome and the bbb syndrome, the condition is now considered a single entity with a wide clinical variability, ranging from neonatal lethality to an asymptomatic form)
Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome (a syndrome characterized mainly by low birth weight and length, pseudohydrocephaly, small progeroid facies, widely open cranial sutures, and the presence of the incisor teeth at birth)
Plummer-Vinson syndrome (a syndrome of dysphagia with iron-deficiency anemia that is due to congenital anomalies in the esophagus (such as cervical esophageal webs))
Diffuse esophageal spasm (a hypermotility disorder of the esophagus that is characterized by spastic non-peristaltic responses to swallowing; chest pain; and dysphagia)
conversion disorder, a condition where patients present with neurological symptoms such as numbness, paralysis, or fits, but where no neurological explanation, which can be found
Cerebrovascular accident (a group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to brain ischemia or intracranial hemorrhages)
Carotid body tumor (an invariably benign, encapsulated, firm round mass at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery, with nests of large polyhedral cells in alveolar or organoid arrangement)
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (an autosomal dominant hereditary disease that presents in late in life and is characterized by dysphagia and progressive ptosis of the eyelids)
Laryngeal carcinoma ((luh-RIN-jee-ul kan-ser) Cancer that forms in tissues of the larynx (area of the throat that contains the vocal cords and is used for breathing, swallowing, and talking))
Esophageal pouch
Esophageal pouch (saccular protrusion beyond the wall of the esophagus)
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